By Martin Breunig, Mulhim Al-Doori, Edgar Butwilowski, Paul V. Kuper, Joachim Benner, Karl Heinz Haefele
Nowadays 3D Geoinformation is required for lots of making plans and research initiatives. for instance, 3D urban and infrastructure types are paving the way in which for complicated environmental and noise analyzes. 3D geological sub-surface types are wanted for reservoir exploration within the oil-, gas-, and geothermal undefined. hence 3D Geoinformation brings jointly researchers and practitioners from diversified fields comparable to the geo-sciences, civil engineering, 3D urban modeling, 3D geological and geophysical modeling, and, final yet now not least, desktop technology. the various demanding situations of 3D Geoinformation technology hindrance new methods and the advance of criteria for above- and under-ground 3D modeling, effective 3D info administration, visualization and research. eventually, the combination of alternative 3D techniques and knowledge types is noticeable as some of the most very important demanding situations to be solved.
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3) taking into account only relevant building elements (see Fig. 4). Currently, these building elements are: • Walls (IfcWall, IfcWallStandardCase) • Slabs (IfcSlab with PredefinedType undefined or set to FLOOR or BASESLAB) • Roofs (IfcRoof, IfcSlab with PredefinedType set to ROOF) Fig. 2 Schematic overview of the generalization process Generalization of 3D IFC Building Models 25 Fig. 3 Transformation from IFC to the ExtrusionBaseModel Fig. 4 Semantic filtering of IFC data (left original model; right only IFCSLAB, IFCWALL, IFCBEAM) • Facades (IfcCurtainWall) • Beams and columns (IfcBeam, IfcColumn), optionally taken into account.
The whole process is shown in Fig. 9. Finally, the surfaces of the embrasure have to be defined by the type of the boundary surface. 30 A. Geiger et al. 5 Testing and Evaluation The methodology described above is implemented as an early prototype in the software platform IFCExplorer, which is developed at the Institute for Applied Computer Science at Karlsruhe Institute of Technology. g. IFC, cityGML, gbXML). g. Web Feature Service, Web Map Service). For analyzing the different data models, a wide range of checking functionalities is available.
Kluwer Academic Publishers, Dordrecht, pp 123–142 Mallet JL (2002) Geomodelling. Oxford University Press, Oxford, 599 p Mäntylä, M. 1988. An Introduction to Solid Modeling. Computer Science Press, 401 p Raza A, Kainz W (1999) An object-oriented approach for modelling urban land-use changes. ACM-GIS 1999:20–25 Schaeben H, Apel M, vd Boogart G, Kroner U (2003) GIS 2D, 3D, 4D, nD. Informatik Spektrum 26(3):173–179 Steuer H, Donaubauer A, Kolbe TH, Flurl M, Mundani R-P, Rank E (2013) Planning inner-cityrailway-tracks: dynamic integration of geospatial web services in a collaborative multi-scale geometry modelling environment.