By Raymond Seroul
The final 20 years have witnessed a revolution within the realm of typography, with the digital disappearance of hot-lead typesetting in desire of the so-called electronic typesetting. the main in the back of the hot expertise is straightforward: think a really high quality mesh superimposed on a sheet of paper. electronic typesetting is composed in darkening the best pixels (tiny squares) of this mesh, in styles comparable to every one personality and image of the textual content being set. the particular darkening is completed by means of a few printing equipment, say a laser printer or phototypesetter, which needs to be instructed precisely the place the ink may still move. because the mesh is especially fine-the dashes surrounding this sentence are a few six pixels thick, and greater than 2 hundred pixels long-the printer can in simple terms be managed via a working laptop or computer software, which takes a "high-level" description of the web page when it comes to textual content, fonts, and formatting instructions, and digests all of that into "low-level" instructions for the printer. TEX is this sort of application, created via Donald E. Knuth, a working laptop or computer scientist at Stanford University.
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Extra resources for A Beginner’s Book of TEX
Sample text
Predefined leaders There are several predefined leaders, all horizontal: • • • • • • \hrulefill draws a horizontal line, or rule; \dotfill prints a sequence of dots (the original leaders); \rightarrowfill makes an arrow pointing right; \leftarrowfill makes an arrow pointing left; \downbracefill makes horizontal braces opening down; \upbracefill: makes horizontal braces opening up. The first four are used exactly like \hfill (with two 'l's), and have the same power as \hfill. So in the construction \line{\leftarrowfill\ AAA \hrulefill\ BBB \dotfill\ MMM \dotfill\ YYY\hrulefill\ ZZZ \rightarrowfill} the available space is evenly distributed among all five "leaders:" < - - - - - AAA _ _ BBB ......
Now, as promised, a few words about the commands \bgroup ... \egroup and \begingroup ... \endgroup. The pair \bgroup and \egroup are just new names for braces. This means you can replace an open brace by a \bgroup and a close brace by an \egroup, if you feel like it. This in itself is not very useful, until you find yourself trying to define a macro that has unbalanced braces inside. ) The other pair, \begingroup and \endgroup, is not synonymous with braces: a group starting with \begingroup must end with \endgroup.
42 A Beginner's Book of Tg< An example Plain TEX's \line command takes its argument-the material that follows in braces-and makes with it a line of length exactly \hsize, stretching all the way between the left and right margins. You can imagine it as a groove inside which the characters slide. If we say \line{A\hskip 60pt B\hskip 100pt C\hskip 40pt D}, we get A B C D and a complaint about an underfull box, because the length of the material in this line, 200 pt plus the widths of the letters, is only about 228 pt, versus the desired 327 pt of \hsize.