By Eugene R. Weiner
Pros and scholars who come from disciplines except chemistry want a concise, but trustworthy consultant that explains key innovations in environmental chemistry, from the elemental technological know-how to the required calculations for employing them. up to date and reorganized, purposes of Environmental Aquatic Chemistry: a realistic advisor, moment version offers the basic heritage for realizing and fixing environmental chemistry difficulties that come up most often.
Diverse and self-contained chapters provide a centralized and simply navigable framework for locating precious facts tables which are typically scattered in the course of the literature. The publication explains the right way to interpret the importance of water caliber information, together with multiplied tables with water caliber parameters and chemical compounds that relate to water caliber. It additionally includes EPA water use classifications and describes remedy tools for commercial, municipal, and agricultural waste discharges.
Worked examples supply step by step information for often used calculations, drawing on case histories from real-world environmental functions. Chapters additionally supply instruments for calculating speedy estimates of significant amounts and perform difficulties that observe the rules to various stipulations. This useful consultant presents a terrific foundation for self-study in addition to brief classes regarding the move and destiny of contaminants within the atmosphere.
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Extra info for Applications of environmental aquatic chemistry: a practical guide
Sample text
Working with equivalents is useful for comparing the balance of positive and negative ions in a water sample or making cation exchange calculations. To convert mol=L to eq=L, multiply by the ionic charge or oxidation number of the impurity. , multiply by þ2 for a charge of either þ2 or À2. ß 2007 by Taylor & Francis Group, LLC. 1 Naþ Kþ Liþ Ca2þ Mg2þ Sr2þ Ba2þ Fe2þ Mn2þ Zn2þ Al3þ Cr3þ NHþ 4 EXAMPLE 8 EQUIVALENT WEIGHT OF A COMPOUND Alkalinity in a water sample is reported as 450 mg=L of CaCO3. 1, convert this result to eq=L of CaCO3.
Movement within a phase under gravity, diffusion, and advection. 3. All or a portion might be transformed into other chemical species by natural chemical and biological processes. a. Biodegradation (aerobic and anaerobic): Pollutants are altered structurally by biological processes, mainly the metabolism of microorganisms present in aquatic and soil environments. ß 2007 by Taylor & Francis Group, LLC. b. Bioaccumulation: Pollutants accumulate in plant and animal tissues to higher concentrations than in their original environmental locations.
Understanding intermolecular forces is the key to predicting how contaminants become distributed in the environment. 3 PREDICTING RELATIVE ATTRACTIVE FORCES When you can predict relative attractive forces between molecules, you can predict their relative solubility, volatility, and sorption behavior. For example, the volatility of a substance is closely related to its freezing and boiling temperatures, which, in turn are related to the attractive forces between molecules of that substance. The water solubility of a compound is related to the strength of the attractive forces between molecules of the compound and molecules of water.