By Michael Allaby
Surroundings: a systematic historical past of Air, climate, and weather describes how scientists, starting in historic Greece, have slowly unraveled the chemical composition of air and the actual legislation that keep an eye on its habit. It tells of the device makers who invented the gear that allowed them to degree the country of the air, the balloonists who first explored the higher surroundings, and of the expansion in realizing of climate phenomena and their motives.
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Additional resources for Atmosphere: A Scientific History of Air, Weather, and Climate (Discovering the Earth)
Example text
Galileo famously made his own telescopes—and turned this into a profitable sideline making spyglasses for mariners. The telescope was invented in the Netherlands, and Galileo worked from descriptions that reached him. In about he also made the first thermometer. Strictly speaking, Galileo’s instrument was not a thermometer, because it had no scale that would allow differences in temperature to be quantified. It was a thermoscope that made changes in temperature visible. The Greek mathematician and engineer Hero of Alexandria (ca.
That affection made him very reluctant to disagree with Priestley over a matter that was central to Priestley’s scientific outlook, but, in 19 20 ATMOSPHERE the end, disagree he did. Lavoisier found the phlogiston theory was unsustainable and proved that it was wrong. According to the phlogiston theory, air containing phlogiston was unbreathable and candles would not burn in it, but animals could breathe dephlogisticated air and it supported combustion. Lavoisier suspected a close link between combustion and respiration.
Many of the papers he published at this time were devoted to defending the phlogiston theory. For many years Priestley had devoted considerable effort to theological and political campaigning. This made him a controversial figure. He claimed in his pamphlets that the teachings of the early Christian church had been corrupted, and he argued strongly for freedom to express dissenting opinions. His language grew increasingly extreme until, at the height of the French Revolution, he appeared to be calling for revolution in England.